GLOBALIZATION TECHNOLOGY & SOCIAL CHANGE
"DARKNESS CANNOT DRIVE OUT DARKNESS; ONLY LIGHT CAN DO THAT.
HATE CANNOT DRIVE OUT HATE; ONLY LOVE CAN DO THAT."
DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.
Source: http://nigerianobservernews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/HIV-protest.jpg
RESEARCHER: Alberto Salcedo
What is HIV?
HIV also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, attacks the body immune system, ( the natural defense against illness) destroying white blood cells ( T-helper cells) and makes copies of itself within these cells(Gayle & Hill 2001). The virus destroys T-Helper cells and gradually breaks down a person’s immune system (Gayle & Hill 2001).
HIV also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, attacks the body immune system, ( the natural defense against illness) destroying white blood cells ( T-helper cells) and makes copies of itself within these cells(Gayle & Hill 2001). The virus destroys T-Helper cells and gradually breaks down a person’s immune system (Gayle & Hill 2001).
Discovery
•Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a new disease in 1981, when increasing numbers of young homosexual males where prone to unusual infections and rare malignancies ( Sharp & Hahn 2011).
•It was at this (now known as human immunodeficiency virus type 1) HIV -1 was uncovered as the causing agent of the most devastating infectious disease known to emerge in human history (Sharp & Hahn 2011).
•Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized as a new disease in 1981, when increasing numbers of young homosexual males where prone to unusual infections and rare malignancies ( Sharp & Hahn 2011).
•It was at this (now known as human immunodeficiency virus type 1) HIV -1 was uncovered as the causing agent of the most devastating infectious disease known to emerge in human history (Sharp & Hahn 2011).
Source: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics
PREP...........
•Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) is the use of drugs to prevent disease in people who have not yet been exposed to the diease-causing agent. This term is mostly used to refer to the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
•It is the number one HIV prevention strategies for people who are HIV negative but are at high risk than average for contracting HIV/AIDS.
•Currently the only drug that any health organization would recommend for HIV/AIDS is Truvada. Patients take the drug everyday and must agree to see medical providers every three months.
Source: https://goo.gl/images/99jDro
•Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) is the use of drugs to prevent disease in people who have not yet been exposed to the diease-causing agent. This term is mostly used to refer to the use of antiviral drugs as a strategy for the prevention of HIV/AIDS.
•It is the number one HIV prevention strategies for people who are HIV negative but are at high risk than average for contracting HIV/AIDS.
•Currently the only drug that any health organization would recommend for HIV/AIDS is Truvada. Patients take the drug everyday and must agree to see medical providers every three months.
Source: https://goo.gl/images/99jDro
Begins....
•In 2012, more than 30 years after the first initial HIV case was reported, the United States and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first drug (Truvada) for the prevention of sexually acquired HIV infections (Cohen, Follansbee, Cohan, Weber, Sachdev, &Buchbinder 2014).
•The program was first launched in San Francisco, the heaviest area impacted by HIV. The programs were to asses the concerns about uptake, adherence, resistance, and risk compensation.
Source: , https://goo.gl/images/X5uKtV
•In 2012, more than 30 years after the first initial HIV case was reported, the United States and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first drug (Truvada) for the prevention of sexually acquired HIV infections (Cohen, Follansbee, Cohan, Weber, Sachdev, &Buchbinder 2014).
•The program was first launched in San Francisco, the heaviest area impacted by HIV. The programs were to asses the concerns about uptake, adherence, resistance, and risk compensation.
Source: , https://goo.gl/images/X5uKtV
World
Wide
•In 2012 the World Health Organization begun to issue a guideline for Prep and made the drug widely available for men and transgender women who would have sex with men.
•In 2014 the World Health Organization stated men who have sex with men Prep is highly recommended to them as an additional HIV prevention choice.
•As of 2017 more countries are approving the use of Prep for HIV/AIDS prevention method.
•In 2014 the World Health Organization stated men who have sex with men Prep is highly recommended to them as an additional HIV prevention choice.
•As of 2017 more countries are approving the use of Prep for HIV/AIDS prevention method.
Source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-exposure_prophylaxis
United States
•Project inform found Hispanic and Black males who are most at risk for contracting HIV in their lifetime, are the ones least benefiting from Prep ( Scaccia 2016)
•These individuals are lower on the threshold access to services and are overrepresented in the epidemic ( Scaccia 2016).
•Project inform found Hispanic and Black males who are most at risk for contracting HIV in their lifetime, are the ones least benefiting from Prep ( Scaccia 2016)
•These individuals are lower on the threshold access to services and are overrepresented in the epidemic ( Scaccia 2016).
Africa
•There is a strong demand for Prep in Africa especially from indivdiuals who are at high risk for HIV infection, but in many poor areas the medication may not be available (UNAIDS, 2016).
•South Africa took on the challenge and was the first country in a developing world to the approve the use of the antiretroviral medicines for prevention. The country only had accessed to the generic brand of medication for Prep, which they were able to reduce the price of medication and individuals had easier access to (UNAIDS 2016).
•There is a strong demand for Prep in Africa especially from indivdiuals who are at high risk for HIV infection, but in many poor areas the medication may not be available (UNAIDS, 2016).
•South Africa took on the challenge and was the first country in a developing world to the approve the use of the antiretroviral medicines for prevention. The country only had accessed to the generic brand of medication for Prep, which they were able to reduce the price of medication and individuals had easier access to (UNAIDS 2016).
India
•India is the host to Prep project but only available to female sex workers in Durbar. (Rupavate 2014)
•These individuals are only available to receive the medication as treatment but not prevention. Currently there is no Prep policy or guidance present within India (Rupavate 2014).
•The country at this moment does not approve of Truvada but it is looking at the approach to prevention of this nature is definitely welcome for future use in India (Rupavate 2014).
•India is the host to Prep project but only available to female sex workers in Durbar. (Rupavate 2014)
•These individuals are only available to receive the medication as treatment but not prevention. Currently there is no Prep policy or guidance present within India (Rupavate 2014).
•The country at this moment does not approve of Truvada but it is looking at the approach to prevention of this nature is definitely welcome for future use in India (Rupavate 2014).
The Exchange.
•According to the UNAIDS Prep is the latest addition to efforts to prevention options for people at High Risk of Infection.
•There is a global effort is increasing drastically but due to many attempts the scale of coverage outside the U.S. remains limited to certain areas.
•Individuals within developing countries are accessing Prep through less regulated means such as purchasing the drug online.
•Developing world countries government are now trying to regulate the drug and improve the monitoring and evaluation the Prep drug.
The world health organization has a target of reaching 3 million people who are high risk with Prep by 2020.
•There is a global effort is increasing drastically but due to many attempts the scale of coverage outside the U.S. remains limited to certain areas.
•Individuals within developing countries are accessing Prep through less regulated means such as purchasing the drug online.
•Developing world countries government are now trying to regulate the drug and improve the monitoring and evaluation the Prep drug.
The world health organization has a target of reaching 3 million people who are high risk with Prep by 2020.
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The world health organization established the Prep watch, a non profit organization who aims to target developing countries with Truvada. This organization released guidelines on the diagnosis of HIV infection, the use of ARVs for treating and preventing HIV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) anticipates releasing updated guidance on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), containing tenofovir (TDF), as an additional HIV prevention choice.
These methods are done to help establish a world change and reach the ultimate goal of no longer spreading the HIV virus by 2020.
These methods are done to help establish a world change and reach the ultimate goal of no longer spreading the HIV virus by 2020.